After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many researchers announced a happy globalization. Capitalism was then considered to be the most efficient economic system, leading inevitably to the end of wars (as Proudhon had already hoped in his time) and to an optimal social situation, with the forthcoming victory of liberal democracy. Of course, other economists have predicted economic conflicts between states, the loss of influence of states in relation to multinational firms, the rise of integrated regionalism. However, in a little more than a decade, the United States has begun to lose influence, the war in Iraq has begun, China is gradually becoming a great power to be reckoned with, and capitalism itself is being combined with several forms and regimes that are notably different from the liberal illusion Globalisation, guerre, guerre économique, régionalisme, paix Globalization, war, economic war, regionalism, peace.