In the new energy paradigm promoting greenhouse gases emissions reduction, energy sector has to be decarbonized. Biomass can play an important role because it is one of low carbon resource that can be stored and is available all year round. Besides, thanks to many sources and process, biomass valorization is varied: electricity, heat, biogas and biofuel. Thus, it can be adapted to different land and time scale, in which networks can be interconnected. Finally yet importantly, considering the entire life cycle, bioenergy coupled with some carbon capture and storage devices can reach negative carbon emission that is key for reaching Paris climate accord’ objectives. We will wonder what will be the trade-offs and arbitrations in the use of bioenergy in the XXIth century energy context.