A sequel to our study of the uses and perceptions of machine translation and post-editing within the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation (Rossi et al. 2019), this article sets out to reconsider the implications of the shift to neural machine translation in this institution. On the basis of semi-directed interviews conducted in March 2022 with 11 translators in different language department of the D-G Translation, we outline a set of concomitant factors likely to account for the transformations underway, calling into question the boundaries between machine translation and computer-assisted translation, and between translation and post-editing.