Today’s environmental concerns are pressuring industries to substitute paper-based materials in place of plastics in many sectors including packaging. However, assembling papers and paperboards using environmentally friendly solutions remains a technological challenge. In this context, ultrasonic (US) welding is an alternative to adhesives. In this work, the potential of US welding to assemble folding boxboards was investigated. Folding boxboards are commonly coated to enhance printability. This coating is generally composed of mineral pigments (85 to 90%) and polymer binders (10 to 12%). This study evaluated whether the presence of the coating layer allows the assembly of paperboards by US welding. Results indicated that welding coated folding boxboards is possible provided that coating weight and binder content are high enough. The mechanical performances of the welded boards met the requirements of most packaging applications. Adhesion in the welded joint resulted from a combination of thermoplastic (melting and flowing of the binder) and thermoset (degradation reactions) effects. However, it was not possible to assemble coated folding boxboards without degrading the welding zone. While the materials and process need to be optimized, this work represents a big step forward toward the adhesive-free assembling of paper-based materials.