The state budget fulfils three essential functions for a national economy: economic stabilization, allocation of resources for public services and income redistribution. Monetarist thought within the framework of a liberal and open market economy today contests this policy claimed by Keynesian thought. It can lead to crowding out and destabilisation of the normal functioning of the national economy, in the event of indebtedness or inappropriate economic incentives. However, fiscal policy cannot be neutral; it implies direct action by the State that is not limited to a variation in spending and/or taxes, but also acts as an incentive to stimulate the economy, protect citizens and provide collectively useful public services (infrastructure) or social services (umbrella against excessive inequalities and poverty). Budget de l'Etat, relance économique, stabilisation économique, redistribution des revenus, affectation des services publics. State budget, economic recovery, economic stabilization, income redistribution, allocation of public services.