Recovery, Fatigue and Performance: Psycho-Physiological Monitoring and Pre-testing of a Chatbot Intervention with High-level Ice Hockey Players
Résumé
Introduction: High-level ice hockey is challenging because of the congested schedule of training sessions and games which exposes players to various physical, emotional and cognitive demands (Whitehead et al., 2019). These daily repeated demands could notably induce lower performance satisfaction during training practices, higher fatigue and impaired sleep (Kellmann et al., 2018). Furthermore, these challenges may have more long-term effects, such as influencing weekly variables like burnout, vigor and performance satisfaction during games.
Based on the Demand Induced Strain Compensation Model (DISC ; De Jonge & Dormann, 2006), it was posited that demands, resources, and consequences operate at multiple levels, including the physical, emotional, and cognitive domains. According to the triple match principle of this model, the relationships between demands, resources and consequences within the same domain are the strongest. For instance, the relationships between physical demands, physical resources, and physical consequences are stronger than those between different domains, such as physical demands, emotional resources, and cognitive consequences (Balk et al., 2017).
There are various strategies available to enhance players' resources and recovery while reducing the impact of the demands. For this, three types of strategies can be mobilised, namely sleep, mental rest and nutrition (Hausswirth et al., 2013).
Method: 38 high-level ice hockey players underwent a one-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study to measure their fatigue level (using a single-item fatigue measure), performance satisfaction (SWLF), perceived training practices demands (DISQ-Sport) and sleep quality (PSQI). Players were requested to fill in questionnaires every morning and after every training practice. The following week, three strategies previously identified (i.e., sleep, mental rest, and nutrition) were added to the monitoring after each training practice using ecological momentary intervention (EMI) methodology. Burnout (SMBM), vigour (SMVM) and performance satisfaction during games (SWLF) were measured at the end of both the EMA and EMI weeks. The data collection was introduced through a Chatbot. To explore the relationship between physiological and psychological indicators, physiological objective measurements were monitored, every night for sleep variables (i.e., DREEM© strip system), and every morning for heart rate variability (i.e., FIRSTBEAT© system). Datas for only two of the players are reported in this study.
Results: Multilevel modelling revealed that athletes who perceived higher training demands compared to their peers and utilised the Chatbot more frequently, reported lower levels of general fatigue (p = .044) and better sleep quality (p = .030). Furthermore, ANOVA analyses revealed a significant reduction in burnout levels (p = .026) and a significant increase in performance satisfaction during games (p = .004) between the end of the EMA week and the end of the EMI week.
Conclusion: Implementing a Chatbot to administer psycho-physiological recovery strategies based on an EMI methodology appears to be a relevant solution to mitigate the impact of daily training demands on the athletes' overall fatigue and sleep quality. Strategies also positively influenced weekly outcomes such as reducing burnout and enhancing performance satisfaction during games.
Références :
Balk, Y. A., de Jonge, J., Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Geurts, S. A. E. (2017). Testing the triple-match principle among Dutch elite athletes : A day-level study on sport demands, detachment and recovery. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 33, 7‑17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.07.006
De Jonge, J., & Dormann, C. (2006). Stressors, resources, and strain at work : A longitudinal test of the triple-match principle. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1359‑1374. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1359
Hausswirth, C., Mujika, I., & Institut national du sport et de l’éducation physique (France) (Éds.). (2013). Recovery for performance in sport. Human Kinetics.
Kellmann, M., Bertollo, M., Bosquet, L., Brink, M., Coutts, A. J., Duffield, R., Erlacher, D., Halson, S. L., Hecksteden, A., Heidari, J., Kallus, K. W., Meeusen, R., Mujika, I., Robazza, C., Skorski, S., Venter, R., & Beckmann, J. (2018). Recovery and Performance in Sport : Consensus Statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(2), 240‑245. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0759
Whitehead, P. N., Conners, R. T., & Shimizu, T. S. (2019). The Effect of In-Season Demands on Lower-Body Power and Fatigue in Male Collegiate Hockey Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Publish Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003090
Domaines
Sciences de l'Homme et SociétéOrigine | Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) |
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