, PAJ was supported by the US DOE Office of Science, Chemical 605 Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. QW was supported by the ERCproject 742335-F-606 IMAGE. The article benefited greatly from discussions with Yehuda Ben-Zion, p.607

M. Fondriest, I. Callegari, M. Campillo, M. Lott, and L. Seydoux, The 608 rain and temperature data have were graciously provided by the Ufficio Idrografico 609

, Mareografico of the Abruzzo region. The seismic data are available at Instituto Nazionale di 610

. Geofisica-e-vulcanologia, instruments) and at Incorporated Research 611 Institution for Seismology

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