On August 22, 2012, Russia became the 156th Member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The decision of Russia to join WTO is included in a national strategy to undertake reforms that are necessary for the modernization of its economy, by a diversification of the production, an improvement of competitiveness and the openness through a wide range of options. Russia joining the WTO corrects a great anomaly. It was an interesting economic stake. When Russia becomes a member of WTO, USA is more critic on this organization. The mercantilist approach was, for centuries, a driving force in trade policy. Today, its thought is not clearly expressed by the US government, but the mercantilist methods and policy seems more and more sustained by him. It is the beginning of a paradox.