For the government of the United States, the supremacy of the military R & D is an indispensable condition of a sufficient military power to fight, by dissuasion or the force, the political regimes and the countries likely to be opposed to the Western democratic values or to compete with the national economic interests. The research and development of the United States accounts for 40% of the world expenditure in the sector and more than one third of the new patented inventions. In Russia, the considerable military expenditure of the Soviet period was not renewed any more. Since the end of the cold war, this expenditure decreased mainly in of Germany and France. Several controversies took place concerning the research and development in the world. They relate to the existence of a military-industrial complex, the effects negative of military expenditure on the economic growth, the attitude of “stowaway” of Europe taking into consideration expenditure of defense of NATO, the economic efficiency of the R & D military and the increase in delay in the R & D military European.