R. Ahrend and W. Tompson, Russia's gas sector: The endless wait for reform? OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 2004.
DOI : 10.1787/735153733318

A. Belyi, Reciprocity as a factor of the energy investment regimes in the EU-Russia energy relations, The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, vol.2, issue.2, pp.117-127, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/jwelb/jwp002

S. Boussena and C. Locatelli, La sécurité, question clé des relations gazières entre l, 2011.

S. Boussena, New European gas market: gas strategies of other present and potential suppliers, communication at: 1999 International Conference: The role of Russian and CIS Countries in Deregulated Energy Markets. Moscow International Energy Club, pp.6-7, 1999.

A. Bressand, The Changed Geopolitics of Energy and Climate and the Challenge for Europe, 2012.

E. Brousseau, P. Garrouste, and E. Raynaud, Institutional changes: Alternative theories and consequences for institutional design, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol.79, issue.1-2, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jebo.2011.01.024

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00574577

C. Clastres and C. Locatelli, Libéralisation et sécurité énergétique dans l'Union européenne, Succès et questions. Grenoble: LEPII-EDDEN, Working papers, 2012.

A. Correljé, Structures of European Gas Markets: A Brief note. EU Gas Markets, Workshop 10 octobre, DG Internal Policies of The Union, 2006.

A. Creti and B. Villeneuve, Long term contracts and take or pay clauses in natural gas markets, Energy Studies Review, vol.13, issue.1, pp.75-94, 2004.

P. Criqui, S. Mima, and C. Locatelli, The future of energy in Europe and the climate-security nexus: insights from the SECURE scenarios, Communication at: SECURE (EU) Regional Stakeholders meeting, 2010.

K. J. Crocker and S. E. Masten, Pretia ex Machina? Prices and Process in Long-Term Contracts, The Journal of Law and Economics, vol.34, issue.1, pp.69-99, 1991.
DOI : 10.1086/467219

A. Dixit, Governance Institutions and Economic Activity, American Economic Review, vol.99, issue.1, pp.5-24, 2009.
DOI : 10.1257/aer.99.1.5

O. Eikeland, Downstream natural gas in Europe???High hopes dashed for upstream oil and gas companies, Energy Policy, vol.35, issue.1, pp.227-237, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.11.023

D. Finon and C. Locatelli, Russian and European gas interdependence: Could contractual trade channel geopolitics?, Energy Policy, vol.36, issue.1, p.1, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.08.038

M. Frisch, Current European gas pricing problems: solutions based on price review and price re-opener provisions. International energy law and policy research paper series, 2010.

J. Glachant and Y. Perez, Institutional Economics and Network, Industry Deregulation Policy, Groupe Réseaux Jean Monnet, 2007.

S. Haghighi, . Hart, J. Hansen, and J. Percebois, Energy security: the external legal relations of the European Union with major oil-and gas-supplying countries, Energie: Economie et politiques, 2007.

A. Hautecloque-de and J. Glachant, Long-term contracts and competition policy in European energy marketsCompetition, Contracts and Electricity Markets: A new perspective, pp.201-232, 2011.

P. Heather, Continental European Gas Hubs: Are they fit for purpose?, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2012.

C. Hirschhausen-von and A. Neumann, Long-Term Contracts and Asset Specificity Revisited: An Empirical Analysis of Producer???Importer Relations in the Natural Gas Industry, Review of Industrial Organization, vol.73, issue.2, pp.131-143, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11151-008-9165-0

M. Hopner, Epilogue to 'Explaining institutional complementarity': What have we learnt? Complementarity, coherence and institutional change, Socio-Economic Review, vol.3, issue.2, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/SER/mwi016

G. Hubbard and R. Weiner, Efficient contracting and market power: evidence from the U.S. natural gas industry, Journal of Law and Economics, vol.34, issue.1, pp.25-65, 1991.
DOI : 10.3386/w3502

G. Hubbard and R. Weiner, Regulation and Long-Term Contracting in us Natural Gas Markets, The Journal of Industrial Economics, vol.35, issue.1, pp.47-83, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/2098607

S. Komlev, Pricing the, Moscow: Gazprom Export. Contract Structuring and Pricing Directorate. Discussion Paper, 2013.

A. Konoplyanik, Evolution of gas pricing in continental Europe. Modernization of indexation formulas versus gas to gas competition, CEPMLP Working Research papers, 2010.

B. Kruyt, D. Van-vuuren, H. De-vries, and H. Groenenberg, Indicators for energy security, Energy Policy, vol.37, issue.6, pp.2166-2181, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.02.006

C. Locatelli and S. Rossiaud, A neoinstitutionalist interpretation of the changes in the Russian oil model, Energy Policy, vol.39, issue.9, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.04.053

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631115

C. Locatelli and S. Rossiaud, Russia's Gas and Oil Policy: the Emerging Organizational and Institutional Framework for Regulating Access to Hydrocarbon Resources, IAEE Energy Forum, pp.23-26, 2011.

C. Locatelli, Gazprom's export strategies under the institutional constraint of the Russian gas market, OPEC Energy Review, vol.66, issue.3, pp.246-264, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1753-0237.2008.00151.x

G. Majone, Deregulation or re-regulation? Regulation reform in Europe and United States, 1993.

A. Mansson, B. Johansson, and L. Nilsson, Methodologies for characterising and valuing energy security — A short critical review, 2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market, pp.9-12, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/EEM.2012.6254752

S. E. Masten and K. J. Crocker, Efficient adaptation in long-term contracts: take-or-pay provisions for natural gas, American Economic Review, issue.5, pp.75-1083, 1985.

F. Mcgowan, Can the European Union's market liberalism ensure security in a time of " Economic nationalism, Journal of Contemporary European Research, vol.4, issue.2, pp.90-106, 2007.

J. Mulherin, Complexity in long-term contracts: an analysis of natural gas contractual provisions, Journal of Law Economics, and Organization, vol.2, issue.2, pp.105-117, 1986.

A. Nicita and U. Pagano, Law and economics in retrospect (on line], Siena memos and papers on law and economics, 2004.

D. North, Institutions and the performance of economies over time, 2005.

H. Nyssens, C. Cultreta, and D. Schnichels, The territorial restrictions case in the gas sector: a state of play Profit splitting mechanism in a liberalised gas market: the devil lies in the detail, Competition Policy Newsletter Competition Policy Newsletter, issue.11, pp.48-51, 2004.

J. Percebois, The supply of natural gas in the European Union, OPEC Energy Review, vol.XXXII, issue.1, pp.33-53, 2008.

S. Rossiaud, L'évolution de la structure de gouvernance pétrolière russe. Une interprétation en termes néo-institutionnalistes, Thèse de doctorat, 2012.

S. Rossiaud and C. Locatelli, The obstacles in the way of stabilising the Russian oil model, Post-Communist Economies, vol.7, issue.4, pp.425-438, 2009.
DOI : 10.1257/jel.38.3.595

B. Sovacool and I. Mukherjee, Conceptualizing and measuring energy security: A synthesized approach, Energy, vol.36, issue.8, pp.5343-5355, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.043

J. Stern and H. Rogers, The transition to hub based pricing in Continental Europe: A response to Sergei Komlev of Gazprom Export, 2013.

J. Stern, Is there a rational for the continuing link to oil product prices in continental European longterm gas contracts? Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2007.

K. Talus, Long term agreements and security of supply-between law and politics, European Law Review, vol.32, issue.4, pp.535-547, 2007.

D. Tarr, Export restraints on Russian natural gas and raw timber: what are the economic impacts? World Bank Policy Research working papers, 2010.

C. Tonjes and J. De-jong, Perspectives on security of supply in European natural gas markets, 2007.

E. Wäktare, Territorial restrictions and profit sharing mechanisms in the gas sector: the Algerian case, Competition Policy Newsletter, issue.3, pp.19-21, 2007.

T. Wälde, Renegotiating acquired rights in the oil and gas industries: Industry and political cycles meet the rule of law, The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, vol.1, issue.1, pp.55-97, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/jwelb/jwn005

A. Willems, J. Sul, and Y. Benizri, Unbundling as a Defence Mechanism Against Russia: Is the EU Missing the Point?, EU-Russia energy relations, pp.227-244, 2010.

O. E. Williamson, The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.38, issue.3, pp.595-613, 2000.
DOI : 10.1257/jel.38.3.595

O. C. Williamson, The economic institutions of capitalism: firms, markets, relational contracting Conceptualizing Energy Security. Cambridge Working Paper in Economics, 1151.